Modern timber construction is carried out almost exclusively with prefabricated elements.It is only a small step from the element to wooden modular construction with finished room elements that can achieve a high degree of prefabrication.Compared to concrete, the low module weights make transport easier.The assembly takes place in a completely dry construction, so that subsequent works can be connected immediately and the building is quickly ready for occupancy.Conclusion: Wood is an environmentally friendly building material that is efficient in many ways.Modular and serial construction - advantages and limitationsThe delivery of raw wood to the construction site and the cutting on site are practically no longer used in today's timber construction.Instead, elements such as columns, beams, walls or ceilings are prefabricated as elements under ideal workshop conditions with high dimensional precision and quality.Joinery in the factory allows computer-aided planning and production as well as process automation.It thus opens up good opportunities for the repeated production of identical components, i.e. for series production.Parts that have been planned once can be produced again at any time if required.For rod-shaped components such as supports and beams or for basic components such as slats, boards, planks or squared timber, wood can be processed as it grows in the forest (solid structural timber or sawn timber).In today's wood construction, however, the use of various wood products and wood-based materials, which can be produced very precisely and dimensionally stable and with high-quality surfaces without cracks and twists, predominates.Depending on the structural design and the wood products or wood materials mainly used, different wood constructions are distinguished:Regularly arranged wooden stands are connected to sleepers and frames to form a load-bearing frame.Both outer sides are planked with wood-based materials or gypsum-bonded boards, which serve as reinforcement or can take over certain building-physical functions (fire protection, airtightness).The hollow space between the uprights is used complete with insulating materials for heat, sound and, if necessary, fire protection.The center distance between the uprights follows the panel dimensions of the planking, which is why a grid of 625 mm is often used.Since the bracing paneling is already installed in the factory, at least on one side, walls as well as ceiling or roof elements can be completely prefabricated in the workshop and transported to the construction site as a stable whole.There the panel-shaped elements are assembled, which is also referred to as timber panel construction.The timber frame construction can be interpreted as a modern variant of the historical half-timbered building.Solid wood construction also works with flat building elements, which are prefabricated here without cavities and solidly from cross laminated timber, glued laminated timber or glued laminated timber.Very dimensionally accurate, even irregularly shaped wall elements with the necessary window and door openings can be produced, but also ceiling or roof elements.Stacked board elements can also be used as solid prefabricated components made of wood for storey ceilings.In this case, the boards are arranged upright and glued to one another or connected with nails, screws or hardwood dowels.In addition to pure wooden ceilings, the board stacking elements also form a good basis for wood-concrete composite ceilings, which are concreted on the construction site.In historical log house construction, logs in particular were stacked on top of each other in a horizontal position, which always led to problems with the air and weather tightness of the joints.In the modern development, therefore, dried and possibly glued logs or logs with tongue and groove connection are used.At corners and connections, the block planks must be designed with finger joints or dovetail joints for the force-fit and stiffening connection.The prefabricated block planks are only assembled into flat walls on the construction site, so the degree of prefabrication is lower than in timber frame or solid wood construction.In addition to wall construction, skeleton construction is also possible with timber construction, in which supports and beams usually made of glued laminated timber in a post and beam construction form the supporting structure.Wooden struts or braces are used for reinforcement.All walls are non-load-bearing in this construction, which is why insulated wooden frame elements are ideal for the facade, which envelop the construction without thermal bridges.The big advantage of the skeleton construction is the flexible and later changeable room layout.Compared to the wall construction methods, however, a greater completion effort remains on the construction site.Even though the various timber construction methods have been described individually here, they do not always have to appear pure, but can in reality be mixed - even with building materials other than wood.Combined, for example...In terms of economy, it is usually beneficial to install as many additional functions and additional component layers as possible in the factory or workshop.The aim is therefore to achieve the highest possible degree of prefabrication:According to the Building Energy Act (GEG), buildings must be erected in such a way "that the heat-transferring surrounding surface including the joints is sealed permanently airtight according to the recognized rules of technology."Common materials for the production of the airtight layer in timber construction are ...The airtightness of the flat elements for the building shell is usually ensured in timber frame construction during prefabrication in the factory.On the construction site, particular attention must be paid to the airtightness of all component connections, penetrations and joints.The airtight layer must not be damaged by later expansion measures!Perforations by staples, nails or screws are considered unproblematic if they are backed with wood or wood-based material and cannot tear open.Since modern timber construction is already predominantly carried out with prefabricated elements, the step towards modular construction is obvious and comparatively easy.To do this, the flat elements of the walls and ceilings or the rod-shaped girders and supports of the skeleton construction are still connected to spatial units at the prefabrication plant, which then only have to be arranged next to and above one another on the construction site.The building material wood offers a number of special advantages for modular construction:Practical, solution-oriented, making safe decisions - the working medium for architects and planning civil engineersarcguide db german construction newspaper md interior design architecture human & office academyMedia service Konradin Architecture Konradin media groupbba topic dossiers bba 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